The Tao of Gaming

Apropos of nothing ... a brilliant chess game


My thoughts on candidate moves were inspired by reading Kotov, a Grandmaster from mid-century who discussed selection of candidate moves (and many other aspects of interest to chess players). His "Think like a grandmaster" book is, of course, mainly of interest to the chess player but has quite a bit on organizing analytic thought. Anyway, in my prior post I started to get into the idea of "Overlooked candidate moves" (but edited it out). Still, that brought up the memory of Kotov's most famous game versus Averbakh (from the Zurich Candidates Tournament of 1953).

David Bronstein (who later failed to win a world championship when he started daydreaming in a clearly won final game of the match and then made a horrific blunder) wrote:

It is usually thought that the prerequisites of chess creativity are logic, accurate calculation of variation, and technique... There is a fourth component, however, perhaps the most attractive, although it is often forgotten. I have in mind intuition, or, if you like, imagination.

Sometimes positions occur that cannot be evaluated on the basis of general principles...Similarly, a calculation of the variations cannot always be attempted. Suppose that white has six or seven different continuations and that black has five or six replies to any of them.... It is then that intuition, imagination is called into play, which brings to the art of chess its most beautiful combinations and which permits chess players to experience the genuine joy of creation.

Position from Averbakh-Kotov, 1953
Averbakh-Kotov, Candidates Tournament, Zurich, 1953.

30 ... QxP check! (Qxh3 in algebraic notation).


Bronstein again:
It is not true that imaginative games were played only in the time of Morphy, Anderssen, and Tchigorin, and that today everything is based on positional principles and calculations. I am convinced that the games that received beauty prizes in this very tournament were not calculated to the end of all variations. Imagination was and remains one of the foundations of chess creativity...

Full game here.

Wikipedia page on Kotov, and page on candidate moves. (The latter says that chess programs have basically abandoned looking for candidate moves, spending their time on more brute force approaches).

Chris Farrell (mail) (www):
Julian Jaynes would respond to Bronstein that it's not really creativity or imagination, it's allowing your unconscious mind to do the analytical heavy lifting rather than requiring you to run the scenarios in your conscious virtual mental space. Music is the classic example of his theory of conscious vs. unconscious thought; once you've reached a level of mastery, you no longer have to go through the conscious effort of mapping a symbol on a staff to a note and then choosing one of the available fingerings to use and then still getting it wrong because you forgot to overlay the key signature. The skilled player doesn't have to deal in conscious mental constructs, they can deal in larger, higher-level, and non-analytical chunks, with the more powerful unconscious mind taking over the details. I assume chess players do this all the time; the initial narrowing of the search space, from every available move to just the promising ones, is done non-consciously, and the big improvements in skill reflect a larger chunk of the work being done non-consciously, leaving more time to analyze fewer remaining possibilities more deeply, given that it's hard to make your conscious mind work faster. Even in these games of ours, if you've sufficiently trained yourself, it's a huge time-saver to realize you can trust your unconscious mind to generate very good analytical results that your conscious mind would simply take too long to do.
10.1.2009 1:36am
Larry Levy (mail):
It sounds like Jaynes is just trying to identify the biological mechanism behind intuition and what Bronstein labels "imagination" (and which most of us would probably call "thinking outside the box"). But I think the distinction between these abilities and strict logical analysis is still useful.
10.1.2009 10:11am
Brian (www):
I generally agree with Chris (in that the unconscious is basically just doing pattern recognition, which is what we are good at). I do quite a bit of game play by gut feel, just doing some calculations for endgame optimization (or variations, if the game is actually amenable to them).

I think we've discussed chunking and the other mechanisms in detail...
10.1.2009 4:57pm
unkle:
Agreed on the fact that, at least in game,s inmagination might just be pattern matching. But in the end, the name does not matter at all. I must say that many of my favorite games are optimization games at there core, though I love them at best when played "casually" i.e. not letting full analysis going on. Maybe even better games are the one that are indeed optimization games with a twist, like Funkenschlag, or RFTG, the twist being a part of risk taking that could reward (or kill) the player that is indeed thinking outside the box.

Unclear if chess fits this, I am not a chess player that much myself.

But we all love to find this very particular moment, where the best move is found by evidence, instead of brute force.
10.2.2009 12:57pm
Chris Farrell (www):
I agree with you guys that it doesn't matter much what we call it, whether it's imagination or inspiration or non-conscious thought. I think it's more than pattern matching, though; I don't know if I've totally consumed Julian Jaynes' kool-aid, but reading his book and watching how I think has been fascinating. There is a part of your brain (or my brain anyway) which is a complete black box; you set up problems for it by framing things in your mind, your brain works on it for a bit, gets back to you with an answer, and you have no idea how it worked. Maybe it was analytical, maybe it was synthesizing experience, maybe it was matching patters. It's hard to tell.

Anyway, the relevance of this observation to the topic of our games, is my impression is that we as gamers tend to value analytical thought very highly and to disdain players who play via some sort of squishy "intuition". But that "intuition" (or whatever you want to call it) can be very powerful. It's handily won plenty of games for me over analytical opponents.
10.2.2009 3:59pm
Larry Levy (mail):
Your defense of intuition is very insightful, Chris. In fact, you could argue that much of what separates an experienced gamer from a non-gamer or a casual gamer is their intuition. Give a non-gamer a gaming situation and, if they're not totally freaked out, they'll try to analyze it laboriously. Often, though, an experienced gamer will be able to "see" the answer very quickly, simply because he's encountered so many similar situations in the past. The mechanism is unclear and different gamers have more or less trust in this "feeling" (with many AP types disdaining it completely). But I'm pretty sure it happens a lot more to those who play games more often.
10.2.2009 8:46pm
Chris Farrell (mail) (www):
Funny, my experience is almost the opposite. Casual players will tend to trust their intuition to some degree, both because intuitive thought is a more generally useful skill in everyday life than the sort of analysis that is required for games, and because they are unwilling to spend the time and effort on the conscious process of building mental models and running simulations to get the best results, and instead are happy to rely more on subconscious processes with conscious constructs applied only lightly at the end. Which is why theme is often so important to people - it makes it much easier to frame problems and engage these intuitive processes.

More experienced gamers, on the other hand (and I'm grossly generalizing here of course) tend to trust their intuition less when they should trust it more. The sort of games we play, with exceptions, are quite amenable to fast, non-conscious analysis, if you can build up a certain level of experience and learn to properly engage those thought processes.
10.3.2009 2:31am
Brian (www):
I tend to play most Euros fairly intuitively (although I will calculate variations or exact dollar amounts). I mainly do it to play fast, but I also spend a fair amount of time outside of playing thinking about it, which tends to build my intuition.

There are also patterns that run through games in the same class (such as Eurors) that apply to lots of games, so that tends to be an argument towards trusting your gut...
10.3.2009 9:37am

Post as: [Register] [Log In]

Account:
Password:
Remember info?